In the usa, exposure limits are known as threshold limit values. Bisphenol a bpa, 2,2bis4hydroxyphenyl propane, is one of the most utilized industrial chemicals worldwide, with the ability to interfere withor mimic estrogenic hormones with associated biological responses. The primary route of exposure is dermal contact resulting in irritation and sensitization. The study included six companies that either made bpa, bpabased resins, or made and used bpafilled waxes. The process of developing and using occupational exposure limits is a cornerstone of industrial hygiene practice, with a history dating back to the 1880s. The national institute for occupational safety and health niosh undertook a study in 202014 to measure bpa exposure in u. Occupational exposure to bisphenola bpa and the risk of selfreported male sexual dysfunction. Without osha exposure limits for the chemical, manufacturing workers who are. Studies have suggested that even exposure to low doses of bpa may cause. Polycarbonate is used to make food containers, such as reusable beverage bottles, tableware plates and mugs and storage containers. However, early life exposure to lowdose bpa may increase the risk of developing adult onset disease. The harmful effects caused by lowdose bpa in fetus and.
Welshons5 1tufts university sackler school of graduate biomedical sciences, boston ma 02111 2department of environmental health, harvard school of public health, boston, ma 02115 3emory university, rollins school of public health, atlanta, ga 30322. The reference dose of bpa is defined as 50 ugkg bwday by the environmental protection agency. Bpa is an ubiquitous lipophilic compound with oestrogenic activity and it is able, for example, to migrate from. Decos accounts for low dose exposures in draft recommendation. In thermal paper, bisphenol s bps is one of the alternatives for bisphenol a bpa. Exposure limit values and information on their status and revision may be found in the oel database of the social and economic council of the netherlands ser. Bisphenol a 2,2bis4hydroxyphenyl propane bpa, cas no. The bpa debate is back, as workers exposed to levels 70 times. Bisphenol a exposure and associations with obesity among. Bisphenola 2,2bis4hydroxyphenyl propane bpa, cas no. Other osha standards that generally apply to hazardous substances include the hazard communication standard 1910. Efsa found that exposure to bpa from all sources is very low and well below the new safe limit of 4 microgramkg body weight per day. The bpa debate is back, as workers exposed to levels 70 times the. The plastic monomer and plasticizer bisphenol a bpa is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide, with over six billion pounds produced each year.
The bpa debate is back, as workers exposed to levels 70. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in organic solvents, but poorly soluble in water 0. Biomonitoring bisphenol a americas children and the environment third edition, updated august 2017. Animal studies have suggested that bisphenola bpa is a potential human endocrine disrupter. Amendment to section 25805, maximum allowable dose level. The lower doses of bpa than no observable effect level are considered safe. Due to its structural similarity to bpa, concern has been raised about the safety of bps. In addition, osha has separate substancespecific standards, which can be found in the notes section of the exposure limits table. For example, bpa is used in polycarbonate plastics, a high performance transparent, rigid plastic. Thus, the necessity of the reevaluation of human safety daily intake limits is raised. Lifestyle factors physical activity, energydense diets, together with a genetic predisposition, are well known factors in the pathophysiology of health problems.
However, both organizations have exposure limits for dust osha15 mgm3. Bisphenol a, part 2 recommendations for risk management rivm. Bisphenol a bpa is an organic compound that is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastic containers for food use, such as clear single use and multiple use drinks bottles. Bisphenol a, a rift persists between safety assessments of the manmade estrogen mimic. Assessment of occupational exposure to bisphenol a in five. Acc reacts to chinese study on occupational bpa exposure. Bisphenol a bpa, identified as an environmental hormone i. Substances within the bisphenol group are used in the manufacture of plastic articles such as. Occupational exposure limits state of the science blogs.
Decrease acceptance thresholds the boundary between medium risk and low risk is defined as acceptance risk. Jan 01, 2017 exposure was assessed by measuring total bisphenol a excretion free and conjugated from urine samples, and its concentrations in the air. Nov 25, 2015 although the term occupational exposure limit was adopted by the international labour organisation ilo in 1977 to encompass all chemical exposure guidelines for workplace air, the need for quantitative benchmarks for occupational exposures was identified much earlier. Bisphenol a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a method number. This version takes account of the new limits for substances listed in directive 2017164eu, the fourth indicative occupational exposure limit values ioelv directive. Early work on oels for airborne workplace chemicals occurred in. Indeed, handling thermal paper receipts could be a source of occupational exposure to bps among cashiers, as it was previously described for bpa. This version has been adapted for online use from hses current printed version. Bisphenol a and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a osha. Acgih10 mgm3, which is the form of bpa that workers are most likely to contact. Occupational exposure of cashiers to bisphenol s via thermal. From the ecotoxicology, human health and regulatory points of view, it is urgent.
Estrogenic chemicals have the potential to restrict the steroiddependent body of the. The global landscape of occupational exposure limits. There is, however, an exposure limit for particulates, including bisphenol a dust, of 15 milligrams per cubic meter for total dust and 5 milligrams per cubic meter for. The safety of the use of bisphenol a in medical devices european. The results revealed the specific work tasks in two of five companies in which significant occupational exposure to bisphenol a may occur. Occupational exposure limits in the netherlands are set by the deputy minister for social affairs and employment. It is defined as the upper limit of concentration in the air. Osha occupational chemical database occupational safety and. Environmental human exposure to this endocrine disruptor, mostly through oral intake, is considered a generalized phenomenon, particularly in developed countries.
Bisphenol a bpa is one of the most thoroughly tested chemicals used today and has a safety track record of 50 years. The niosh study included six companies that either made bpa, bpabased resins, or made and used bpafilled waxes. Dec 01, 2018 in thermal paper, bisphenol s bps is one of the alternatives for bisphenol a bpa. Jan 22, 2017 currently, the occupational safety and health association osha does not set any workplace exposure limit for bpa. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. The best approach is to always keep exposures or the risk of a hazard as low as possible. Interpretation of these data will allow us to understand how environmental exposure equates to the internal dose routinely measured in biomonitoring studies. Bisphenol a controversy centers on concerns and debates about the biomedical significance of bisphenol a bpa, which is a precursor to polymers that are used in some consumer products, including some food containers. Bisphenol a is a commercially important chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic, epoxy resins, and other specialty products. Factors and outcomes associated with bisphenol a exposure. Bpa is additionally used in many other consumer goods such as thermal receipt paper to be banned in the eu from 2020, toys and. Our feasibility study in first trimester, lowincome africanamerican women helped refine methods for use in future studies of occupational and other bpa exposure sources and adverse effects on birth weight in this particularly vulnerable subpopulation. Vandenberg1, russ hauser2, michele marcus3, nicolas olea4, and wade v.
Echas committees finalise evaluation of bisphenol a restriction proposal. Bisphenol a exposure assessment from olive oil consumption. According to the european chemical agency echa, the french government has proposed the restriction of bpa use in thermal paper in europe. Occupational exposure limits cancer as an occupational disease in 2010, 2,486 occupational deaths were recognized in germany. Human health risk on environmental exposure to bisphenola. In the years since the introduction of oels to public health practice, both developed and developing countries have established processes for deriving, setting, and using oels to protect workers exposed to hazardous chemicals. Workplace exposure limits no occupational exposure limits have been established for bisphenol a. An occupational exposure limit oel is the maximum allowable concentration of a hazardous substance in a workplace. Animal studies have suggested that bisphenol a bpa is a potential human endocrine disrupter. Occupational exposure to bisphenol a bpa and the risk of selfreported male sexual dysfunction. The toxic effects bpa on fetuses, infants, and children intechopen. Nioshtic2 publications search 20036067 occupational. Bisphenol a bpa is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula ch 3 2 cc 6 h 4 oh 2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups. We conducted an occupational cohort study to examine the effect of occupational exposure to bpa on the risk of male sexual dysfunction.
Bisphenol a bpa is a chemical that is mainly used in combination with other chemicals to manufacture plastics and resins. Consumers the following statement can be attributed to steven g. Eh402005 workplace exposure limits foreword this 2018 edition replaces the previous version, first published in 2011. Li d1, zhou z, qing d, he y, wu t, miao m, wang j, weng x, ferber jr, herrinton lj, zhu q, gao e, checkoway h, yuan w. Lowdose exposure to bisphenol a in early life intechopen. Bisphenols hbm4eu science and policy for a healthy future. Bisphenol a bpa summary pdf 22 pp, 214 k, march, 2010 contact us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem. However, early life exposure to lowdose bpa may increase the risk of. The prevalence of metabolic diseases has markedly increased worldwide during the last few decades. Many studies have reported tumorigenic effects and endocrine alterations associated with bpa in animal models. Oct 28, 2010 findings from study about chinese workers exposure to bpa of limited relevance to u. The concerns began with the hypothesis that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, i.
Bpa is largely found in polycarbonate resin mainly used for plastic bags, bottles and. Jan 05, 2017 the national institute for occupational safety and health niosh undertook a study in 202014 to measure bpa exposure in u. The current, modified, system was introduced on 1 jan. Application of the draft niosh occupational exposure. Ijerph free fulltext bisphenol a and metabolic diseases. Bisphenol a environmental exposure and the detrimental. The use of bisphenol a bpa in packaging has grown over the past 50 years despite concerns of its migration into packaged food and beverages, resulting in human exposure. On 18 october 2008, health canada noted that bisphenol a exposure to newborns and infants is below levels that cause effects and that the general public need not be concerned. It plays a role in how your page is seen by search engine crawlers, and how it appears in serps. As an example, carcinogens are not usually defined by an exposure limit. The regulation establishing a madl of 3 micrograms per day from dermal exposure from. In the united states, the occupational safety and health administration has not set a specific workplace standard for bisphenol a.
There is, however, an exposure limit for particulates, including bisphenol a dust, of 15 milligrams per cubic meter for total dust and 5 milligrams per cubic meter for the respirable fraction. Currently, the occupational safety and health association osha does not set any workplace exposure limit for bpa. Industrial hygienists acgih have occupational exposure limits for bpa. Bisphenol a exposure and associations with obesity among adults. Bpa is also used in the internal coatings of some food and beverage cans. Bisphenol a commonly known as bpa is an industrial chemical used to make a hard, clear plastic known as polycarbonate, which is used in some products available to consumers. Feb 22, 2016 the process of developing and using occupational exposure limits is a cornerstone of industrial hygiene practice, with a history dating back to the 1880s. Occupational exposure limits oels serve as healthbased benchmarks against which measured or estimated workplace exposures can be compared. A legal limit or guideline such as an occupational exposure limit should never be viewed as a line between safe and unsafe. Eh402005 workplace exposure limits containing the list of workplace exposure limits for use with the control of substances hazardous to health regulations as amended this is a freetodownload, webfriendly version of eh40 second edition edition, published 2011. Osha occupational chemical database occupational safety. This study aims at assessing human exposure to bpa from olive oil. Occupational exposure to bisphenola bpa and the risk of. Exposure was assessed by measuring total bisphenol a excretion free and conjugated from urine samples, and its concentrations in the air.
Echas committee for socioeconomic assessment seac has concluded that the socioeconomic benefits of restricting bisphenol a bpa in thermal paper are unlikely to be higher than the socioeconomic costs. In addition, exposure limits specific for bpa have been established in europe 2 mgm3 for europe and 5m gm3 for germany. The european commission on the scientific committee on occupational exposure. Dutch experts call for new oel chemical risk manager. Despite an extensive body of in vitro, animal and human observational studies on the effects of exposure to bisphenol a, no authoritative bodies in the u. These limits have been set in many countries by the overseeing government department. Bisphenol a bpa is a chemical compound used for polycarbonate plastics, food containers, epoxy resins coating metallic cans for. Bpa is used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins used to line metal cans, and in many plastic consumer products including toys, water pipes, drinking containers, eyeglass lenses, sports safety. Bpa is a white solid at room temperature with a molecular weight of 228. Bpa is used to make polycarbonate plastic and a chemically related kind of polymeric material called an epoxy resin. Occupational exposure of cashiers to bisphenol s via. While oral, dietary exposure is currently considered a major route of human exposure to bpa, the wide range of sources of human exposure detailed in table 4a, table 4b, table 4c, table 4d, table 5, table 6, table 5 document the additional importance of exposures that avoid the firstpass hepatic metabolism following oral exposure. Health and safety executive eh402005 workplace exposure.
Formation of novel metabolites via ipsosubstitution pathway was about. Occupational exposure to bisphenol a diglycidyl ether may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where bisphenol a diglycidyl ether is produced or usedsrc. Occupational exposure limits, known as oels, have notuntil recentlyevolved enough to reflect the advances in related sciences of toxicology, risk assessment, and exposure assessment. A meta description is an html tag in the html code of your website, which allows you to customize a section of text that describes the page itself.